Vancouver Format Checker for Medical Papers

Validate medical and biomedical manuscripts for Vancouver citation style (ICMJE format): numbered in-text citations, reference list formatting, and journal title abbreviations.

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What is Vancouver citation style?

Vancouver style is the dominant citation format in medicine, biomedical research, and related health sciences. Developed by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), Vancouver style uses numbered citations in superscript or brackets, with references listed in order of appearance. Journal titles are abbreviated using MEDLINE/NLM abbreviations. Vancouver style is used by thousands of medical journals worldwide including JAMA, The Lancet, BMJ, NEJM, and PubMed-indexed biomedical journals. Our checker validates Vancouver citation formatting and reference completeness.

Vancouver citation checks

Numbered citation format

Validate in-text citations are numbered sequentially in order of first appearance.

Reference list order

Check references are listed in numerical order of appearance, not alphabetically.

Journal abbreviations

Validate journal names are abbreviated per MEDLINE/NLM standard abbreviations.

Author format

Check author names follow Vancouver format (Last FM, with no period after initials).

DOI or PMID

Verify that DOI or PubMed ID is included for journal references.

Reference completeness

Check all required fields are present: authors, title, journal, year, volume, pages.

Checks relevant to this topic

Part of our 80+ automated checks

Sequential numbering

Citations numbered in order of first appearance.

Journal abbreviations

NLM standard journal title abbreviations used.

Reference completeness

All fields present: authors, title, journal, year, volume, pages.

DOI inclusion

DOI or PMID provided for all journal articles.

The practical edge your peers already use

Across disciplines and career stages, researchers reduce bottlenecks and submit with confidence: clearer drafts, easier guideline compliance, and less back and forth with co‑authors and reviewers.

I use it to review my students' papers. It instantly highlights typos, missing references, and unclear sections, helping me focus my feedback on the quality of the research instead of surface errors.

Ilyass, Professor in Mechanical Engineering, ÉTS Montréal

Ilyass

Professor in Mechanical Engineering, ÉTS Montréal

I relied on it throughout my thesis to strengthen my writing. It suggested clearer phrasing, improved flow between sections, and ensured my references were complete before the final deadline.

Manon, Master's Student in Speech Therapy

Manon

Master's Student in Speech Therapy

I write research in both Portuguese and English, and it adapts perfectly to either language. It provided precise feedback in Portuguese, helping me maintain academic tone and consistency across my drafts.

Afonso, PhD Candidate, UFPE

Afonso

PhD Candidate, UFPE

It gave excellent advice on how to rephrase and present ideas more clearly and concisely. The suggestions helped me refine my arguments and make my research more impactful.

Félix, Postdoc Researcher, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology

Félix

Postdoc Researcher, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology

A round of suggestions helped to generally refine the text of my paper and, moreover, to present some of its key points in a more focused form.

Oleg, Professor, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Oleg

Professor, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

I use it to review my students' papers. It instantly highlights typos, missing references, and unclear sections, helping me focus my feedback on the quality of the research instead of surface errors.

Ilyass, Professor in Mechanical Engineering, ÉTS Montréal

Ilyass

Professor in Mechanical Engineering, ÉTS Montréal

I relied on it throughout my thesis to strengthen my writing. It suggested clearer phrasing, improved flow between sections, and ensured my references were complete before the final deadline.

Manon, Master's Student in Speech Therapy

Manon

Master's Student in Speech Therapy

I write research in both Portuguese and English, and it adapts perfectly to either language. It provided precise feedback in Portuguese, helping me maintain academic tone and consistency across my drafts.

Afonso, PhD Candidate, UFPE

Afonso

PhD Candidate, UFPE

It gave excellent advice on how to rephrase and present ideas more clearly and concisely. The suggestions helped me refine my arguments and make my research more impactful.

Félix, Postdoc Researcher, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology

Félix

Postdoc Researcher, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology

A round of suggestions helped to generally refine the text of my paper and, moreover, to present some of its key points in a more focused form.

Oleg, Professor, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Oleg

Professor, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Frequently asked questions

Vancouver style uses numbered citations, numbered sequentially as they appear in the text. References are listed in a numbered list at the end in order of appearance (not alphabetically). It is the standard for medical and biomedical journals, developed by the ICMJE.

Use NLM (National Library of Medicine) standard abbreviations, available via the NLM Catalog database. For example: New England Journal of Medicine → N Engl J Med; The Lancet → Lancet; JAMA → JAMA. Do not italicize journal names.

Yes: Vancouver style is essentially the ICMJE (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors) citation format, described in the 'Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals' document.

Vancouver style lists the first 6 authors, then adds 'et al.' for papers with 7 or more authors. Some journals abbreviate to 3 authors before 'et al.', so always check your target journal's specific guidance.